Icelandic Road System & Road Conditions Explained

A complete guide to Iceland’s road system, road conditions, main routes, and driving tips to help travelers explore Iceland safely and confidently.

Driving in Iceland is an incredible experience, but understanding the country’s unique road network and ever-changing conditions is essential for a safe and enjoyable trip. This guide breaks down everything you need to know about Iceland’s road system, road types, main routes, seasonal conditions, and safety tips.

Introduction to the Road System in Iceland

Iceland’s road network has developed steadily since the early 20th century, evolving from rough coastal tracks to a modern, interconnected system of national, regional, and highland roads. While the overall network is relatively small compared to larger countries, Iceland’s roads stretch across dramatic landscapes, active volcanic zones, fjords, glaciers, and remote highlands, making them both exciting and challenging for drivers.

The country follows a structured numbering system that helps travelers understand a road’s location and importance within the national network.

Zones Division

Iceland’s road numbers follow a regional system based on the first digit, making it easy to identify which part of the country a road belongs to. Here is a simplified version based on the official classification system:

• 1 – The Ring Road, Iceland’s main circular highway, is the only road beginning with the number 1. There are no other one-digit or 100-series roads.
• 2 – Eastern South Iceland, located east of the Þjórsá river.
• 3 – Western South Iceland, located west of the Þjórsá river.
• 4 – Reykjavík region and the Reykjanes peninsula.
• 5 – West Iceland.
• 6 – The Westfjords.
• 7 – Western North Iceland, west of the midpoint of the Tröllaskagi peninsula.
• 8 – Eastern North Iceland, east of the midpoint of the Tröllaskagi peninsula.
• 9 – East Iceland.

This structure helps travelers quickly determine where they are and which direction they are heading.

Digit Classification

Iceland’s digit classification for roads makes it easy to distinguish which are major roads and which are less traveled routes at a glance.

Single Digit Road

Only one single-digit road exists in Iceland: Route 1, the Ring Road. It forms a complete loop around Iceland and serves as the backbone of the entire transportation network. There are no roads numbered 2–9, and no 100-series roads.

Two Digits Roads:

Two-digit roads represent major regional routes branching off the Ring Road. These roads connect large towns and important natural attractions with the national network.

Three Digits Roads:

Three-digit roads are smaller but still significant. Typically, these roads serve rural areas, remote villages, and natural sites beyond the main routes.

Types of Roads in Iceland

Iceland features several distinct road types, each with different driving conditions and vehicle requirements.

National Roads

National roads form the backbone of the country’s transport system. These roads connect major towns, ports, and airports and are usually well-maintained and regularly monitored.

Urban Roads

Urban roads are located within towns and cities like Reykjavík, Akureyri, and Ísafjörður. They are paved and easy to navigate, though traffic and roundabouts are common.

Highland or Mountain Roads

Highland roads are marked with an “F” prefix and lead into Iceland’s remote interior. These routes are generally rough, unpaved, and often require river crossings. They are open only in summer and strictly require a 4x4 vehicle.

Paved Roads vs. Gravel Roads

Not all Icelandic roads are paved. While major highways are smooth, many rural roads and scenic detours are gravel, which can affect speed, traction, and stopping distance.

Local Access and Private Roads

Some roads lead to farms, guesthouses, or private land. These may be narrow, unpaved, or poorly maintained, so caution is advised.

Main Driving Routes in Iceland

Each major driving route reveals a different side of the country’s dramatic landscapes. Below is an overview of the most popular and rewarding routes to consider for your adventure.

The Ring Road (Route 1)

The Ring Road circles the entire island, covering about 1,322 km (821 miles). It is fully paved, relatively easy to drive, and suitable for most vehicles making it perfect for first-time visitors. Driving the full loop usually takes 6–10 days, depending on stops.

It passes major attractions such as waterfalls, volcanic landscapes, glaciers, black-sand beaches, and cultural towns. Learn more about planning your journey by reading about how to travel the Ring Road in Iceland.

F-Roads and Highland Roads

Highland routes lead into the heart of Iceland’s wilderness. They are rough, slow-going, and often involve river crossings but Iceland’s F-Roads are worth exploring. Travel time varies significantly due to terrain. These roads are only open in summer, typically from late June to early September, depending on weather.

Because they demand higher clearance and 4WD traction, only 4x4 vehicles are permitted. Popular attractions include Landmannalaugar, Askja, and Kerlingarfjöll.

The Golden Circle Route

Driving the Golden Circle, one of Iceland’s most famous day routes, will lead you through Þingvellir National Park, Geysir geothermal area, and Gullfoss waterfall. Roads are paved and accessible year-round.

The Diamond Circle Route

This scenic northern loop visits landmarks like Dettifoss waterfall, Mývatn, Ásbyrgi canyon, and Húsavík. A mix of paved and gravel roads makes this route adventurous yet accessible.

The Westfjords

One of Iceland’s most remote regions, the Westfjords feature dramatic fjords, steep mountain roads, gravel sections, and incredible wilderness. Driving times are longer than maps suggest, but the scenery is unmatched.

The Arctic Coast Way

This coastal route stretches across North Iceland, combining fishing villages, black-sand beaches, geothermal spas, and Arctic wildlife. Opened in 2019, this scenic route offers visitors the opportunity to explore Iceland at a slower pace.

Icelandic Road Conditions

Understanding Iceland’s road conditions is essential for safe travel, as weather, terrain, and seasonal changes can significantly affect how and where you drive.

Gravel Roads & Dirt Tracks

Many rural roads are unpaved, which can increase stopping distances and create loose-stone hazards. Slowing down is crucial.

Single Lane Bridges & Tunnels

Iceland has numerous single-lane bridges and a few one-lane tunnels. The rule is simple: the driver closest to the bridge or tunnel has right-of-way unless posted otherwise.

Seasonal Road Closures & Weather Conditions

The weather in Iceland can change rapidly, and in winter, Highland roads and some remote routes close due to snow or flooding. Always check seasonal restrictions and weather alerts before planning a trip.

Common Driving Hazards in Iceland

Drivers must stay aware of:

• Strong winds
• Sudden storms
• Sheep and other wildlife
• Dust or ash storms near volcanic areas
• Slippery conditions in winter

Driving Safely in Iceland

Driving in Iceland requires attention and preparation. Traffic flows on the right side, and headlights must remain on at all times, even during daylight. Speed limits, weather updates, and vehicle suitability are crucial.

For more guidance, here are our tips for driving safely in Iceland.

Summer vs. Winter Driving in Iceland

Summer brings long daylight hours and generally good road conditions. Winter, however, includes storms, snow, black ice, and limited visibility—perfect for experienced drivers only.

Road Signs & Speed Limits

Iceland’s signage follows international standards, but visitors should familiarize themselves with common road signs, warnings and limits.

How to Handle Gravel Roads Like A Pro

Slow down before gravel starts, avoid sudden braking, and maintain generous distance from other vehicles to protect against stone chips.

Roadside Assistance & Important Numbers

Know these essentials:

• 112 – Emergency services
• 1777 – Road condition information (summer)
• 1779 – Winter road hotline
• Your rental car provider’s 24/7 assistance line

Frequently Asked Questions:

A quick overview of the most common concerns travelers have when driving in Iceland.

Is it easy to drive on Iceland’s roads?

Yes, main roads are generally well-maintained and easy to drive. Remote roads and the highlands, however, require more experience.

Is it safe to drive in Iceland in winter?

It can be, but conditions are unpredictable. Winter travel requires caution, experience, and often a 4x4.

Is a 4x4 vehicle required to drive on F-Roads in Iceland?

Yes. F-Roads legally require a 4x4, and many also require high-clearance vehicles.

Iceland Roads: Final Words

Iceland’s road network opens the door to unforgettable adventures. From smooth coastal drives to rugged highland expeditions, the island is full of breathtaking drives beyond the main tourist paths. By understanding the road types, conditions, and safety guidelines, you can explore the country with confidence and enjoy every moment behind the wheel.